Abdominal wall reconstruction for large ventral abdominal hernia
A giant ventral abdominal hernia is a large defect in the abdominal wall where abdominal contents, such as fat or bowel, protrude through a weakened area. It may occur after previous surgery...
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Anogenital warts
Anogenital warts are small growths that occur around the anus, genital area, or perineum. They are usually caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). They may appear as flat, raised, single,...
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Appendicitis
Appendicitis is inflammation and infection of the appendix, a small pouch attached to the first part of the large bowel. It is a common surgical emergency. If untreated, the appendix can per...
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Benign Breast Tumor (Fibroadenoma)
A fibroadenoma is a benign (non-cancerous) breast lump most commonly seen in younger women. It is made up of glandular and fibrous breast tissue and usually feels smooth, firm, and mobile (“...
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Bowel Obstruction
A bowel obstruction occurs when the normal passage of food, fluid, and gas through the intestines is partially or completely blocked. Obstruction can affect the small bowel or the large bowe...
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Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a malignant condition in which abnormal cells grow uncontrollably within the breast tissue. It may arise from the milk ducts (ductal carcinoma) or lobules (lobular carcinoma...
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Chemoport insertion or removal
A chemoport is a small medical device placed under the skin, usually on the chest, to provide long-term access to a large vein. It is commonly used for chemotherapy, intravenous medication,...
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Cholecystectomy (Gallbladder Removal)
A cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. It is most commonly performed to treat gallstones and their complications, such as biliary colic, cholecystitis (gallbladder inf...
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Colon Cancer
Colon cancer (also called colorectal cancer when it includes the rectum) is a malignant condition in which abnormal cells grow in the lining of the large bowel. It often develops slowly from...
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Colon Polyps
Colon polyps are small growths that develop on the lining of the large bowel (colon). Many polyps are benign, but some types can slowly develop into colorectal cancer over time. For this rea...
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Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a procedure used to examine the entire large bowel (colon) using a thin, flexible camera. It allows direct visualisation of the bowel lining and helps diagnose causes of sym...
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Colostomy / Ileostomy creation or reversal
A colostomy or ileostomy is a surgical opening, called a stoma, created on the abdominal wall to divert stool into a stoma bag. A colostomy is created from the large bowel, and an ileostomy...
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Diabetic foot & toe infection
A diabetic foot or toe infection occurs when a wound, ulcer, blister, cut, or pressure area on the foot becomes infected in a patient with diabetes. Diabetes may cause poor circulation, redu...
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Dialysis access insertion & removal
A permanent dialysis catheter is a special tube placed into a large vein to provide access for haemodialysis. It may be used when dialysis is needed, for a period of up to 3 months, while wa...
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Diverticular disease
Diverticular disease refers to the presence of small pouches or bubbles (diverticula) that develop in the wall of the colon, most commonly in the sigmoid colon. When these pouches become inf...
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Dysphagia (Difficulty swallowing) workup
Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty swallowing. It may affect swallowing of solids, liquids, or both and can occur in the mouth, throat, or oesophagus. Dysphagia is not a diagnosis...
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Endoscopic foreign body removal
Endoscopic foreign body removal is a procedure performed during gastroscopy (upper endoscopy) to remove an object that has been swallowed and become stuck in the oesophagus, stomach, or uppe...
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Endoscopic polypectomy, dilation, stent
These are therapeutic endoscopic procedures performed during gastroscopy or colonoscopy to treat conditions of the gastrointestinal tract without the need for open surgery. Polypectomy invol...
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Fissure-in-ano
A fissure in ano is a small tear or ulcer in the lining of the anal canal. It commonly causes sharp pain during or after passing stool and may be associated with bright red bleeding. Fissure...
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Fistula-in-ano
A fistula in ano is an abnormal tunnel that forms between the anal canal or rectum and the skin around the anus. It often develops after a previous perianal abscess or infection. Symptoms ma...
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Gastroscopy
A gastroscopy (also called an upper endoscopy) is a procedure used to examine the oesophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine (duodenum) using a thin, flexible camera. It allo...
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Gynecomastia
Gynaecomastia is a benign enlargement of male breast tissue, caused by an imbalance between oestrogen and testosterone. It may affect one or both breasts and can occur at any age. Gynaecomas...
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Haemorrhoids
Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum or around the anus. They may be internal or external. Symptoms may include bleeding during bowel movements, pain, itc...
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Incisional hernia repair
An incisional hernia occurs when abdominal contents push through a weakness in the abdominal wall at the site of a previous surgical incision. It may present as a swelling or bulge under or...
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Inflammatory bowel disease
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, is a chronic condition where the digestive tract becomes inflamed. The two main types are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Symptoms may include abd...
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Ingrown Toenail & Paronychia
Ingrown nails occur when the edge of a fingernail or toenail grows into the surrounding skin, most commonly affecting the big toe. Paronychia is an infection of the skin around the nail. The...
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Inguinal hernia repair
An inguinal hernia occurs when abdominal contents, such as fat or bowel, push through a weakness in the lower abdominal wall in the groin area. It may present as a swelling or bulge in the g...
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Investigation of Arterial Vascular Disease
Arterial vascular disease occurs when arteries become narrowed or blocked, reducing blood flow to the affected area. This commonly affects the legs and feet and may cause pain when walking,...
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Oesophageal variceal banding
Oesophageal variceal banding is an endoscopic treatment used to control or prevent bleeding from oesophageal varices. Varices are enlarged veins in the oesophagus that develop most commonly...
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Parathyroid growths
Parathyroid dysfunction most commonly presents as hyperparathyroidism, where excessive PTH causes high calcium levels in the blood. Symptoms may include: Fatigue and weakness, Bone pain or f...
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Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube
A Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) tube is a feeding tube placed directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall. It is used when a patient is unable to eat or drink safely by...
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Perianal abscesses
A perianal abscess is a collection of pus near the anus or rectum caused by infection of small anal glands. It commonly presents with pain, swelling, redness, fever, and difficulty sitting o...
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Pilonidal cyst & abscess
A pilonidal cyst is a chronic condition that occurs in the cleft between the buttocks, near the tailbone. It develops when loose hairs penetrate the skin, leading to inflammation and infecti...
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Skin Grafts
A skin graft is a surgical procedure in which healthy skin is taken from one area of the body (the donor site) and transplanted to another area (the recipient site) where skin has been lost....
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Skin growths & moles
Skin growths and moles are common lesions that can appear anywhere on the body. Most are benign (non-cancerous), but some may change over time or have features that raise concern for skin ca...
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Soft tissue growths & Tumors
Soft tissue lumps and tumours are growths that arise from tissues such as fat, muscle, connective tissue, blood vessels, or nerves. Most soft tissue lumps are benign, such as lipomas or cyst...
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Stomach Surgery
Stomach surgery refers to operations performed on the stomach to treat conditions such as bleeding ulcers, perforation, obstruction, severe reflux-related complications, benign or malignant...
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Stomach ulcer treatment
A stomach ulcer (gastric ulcer) is a break in the lining of the stomach caused by damage from stomach acid. Common causes include Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, prolonged use of...
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Thyroid growths
Thyroid growths are common and include thyroid nodules, cysts, goitre, and thyroid tumours. They arise within the thyroid gland, which is located at the front of the neck and regulates metab...
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Tracheostomy insertion & closure
A tracheostomy is a surgical opening created in the front of the neck into the windpipe (trachea) to assist with breathing. A tracheostomy tube is inserted through this opening to maintain t...
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Umbilical hernia repair
An umbilical hernia occurs when abdominal contents, such as fat or bowel, push through a weakness in the abdominal wall at or near the navel. It may appear as a swelling or bulge at the umbi...
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Varicose Veins
Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that commonly occur in the legs. They develop when the valves inside the veins do not work properly, causing blood to pool instead of flowing back...
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