Cholecystectomy (Gallbladder Removal)

A cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. It is most commonly performed to treat gallstones and their complications, such as biliary colic, cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation), pancreatitis, or gallstone-related infection. The gallbladder stores bile, and its removal does not usually affect long-term digestion.

The operation may be planned (elective) or performed urgently in acute disease.

What to expect

Before Your Surgery

  • Authorization will be arranged by the rooms or hospital staff.
  • Fasting:
  • No solid food for 6 hours before surgery
  • No clear liquids for 2 hours before surgery
  • Most chronic medications may be taken unless advised otherwise.
  • Inform your doctor if you are taking blood-thinning medication.
  • Diabetic medication instructions will be discussed in advance.
  • Blood tests, imaging, and anaesthetic assessment may be required.

Day of Surgery

Cholecystectomy is performed under general anaesthesia. You may have:
  • An intravenous drip for fluids and medication
  • Small dressings over the incision sites
  • Occasionally a drain, depending on operative findings
Pain control will be provided, and early mobilisation is encouraged.

Procedure

The procedure is tailored to your condition and is usually performed laparoscopically (keyhole surgery).
  • Several small incisions are made in the abdomen.
  • A camera and instruments are used to remove the gallbladder.
  • The bile duct is carefully identified and protected.
  • In some cases, an intra-operative cholangiogram may be performed to assess the bile ducts.
  • If keyhole surgery is not safe or feasible, conversion to open surgery may be required.
The gallbladder is removed entirely and sent for histological examination if indicated.

Procedure Length

The operation typically takes 45–90 minutes, depending on complexity and inflammation.

Possible Complications

  • Bleeding
  • Infection
  • Bile leak
  • Injury to the bile duct
  • Injury to bowel, liver, or blood vessels
  • Unintended damage to surrounding structures
  • Blood clots (DVT/PE)
  • Chest infection
  • Persistent abdominal discomfort or diarrhoea (usually temporary)
  • Need for further procedures or surgery
  • Contact the rooms or seek urgent medical attention if you develop worsening abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, persistent vomiting, or increasing abdominal swelling.

Duration of Hospital Stay

  • Most patients are discharged after 1 night
  • Acute or complicated cases may require a longer stay

Discharge Instructions

  • Take prescribed pain medication as directed.
  • Keep wounds clean and dry; showering is usually permitted after 24–48 hours.
  • Avoid heavy lifting for 2–4 weeks.
  • Resume eating gradually; fatty foods may initially cause loose stools.
  • Monitor for fever, increasing pain, redness, or discharge from wounds.

Return to Activities

  • Light activities and walking are encouraged within a few days.
  • Avoid strenuous exercise and heavy lifting for 2–4 weeks.
  • Driving is usually safe after 5–7 days, provided you are comfortable and not taking strong pain medication.
Back to Work Estimation
  • Desk-based work: 1–2 weeks
  • Physical work: 3–4 weeks, depending on recovery
Follow-Up and Results Discussion
A follow-up appointment is usually arranged 1–2 weeks after surgery for:
  • Wound review
  • Discussion of histology results if applicable
  • Review of symptoms and recovery progress